He was not only revered as a towering figure in literature, he was a statesman who shaped the Third Republic and democracy in France. Drawing became his exclusive creative outlet during the period 1848-1851. Les Contemplations and La Légende des siècles are his most famous poetry collections. “Hugo à l'Opéra”, ed. A census-taker asked Hugo in 1872 if he was a Catholic, and he replied, "No. In 1877, aged 75, he wrote, "I am not one of these sweet-tempered old men. A census-taker asked Hugo in 1872 if he was a Catholic, and he replied, "No. Hugo, Victor, Choses vues, Gallimard, 1972, Peace Congress, 2d, Paris, 1849. After that revolution, he preferred republicanism and freethought. Hugo began planning a major novel about social misery and injustice as early as the 1830s, but it would take a full 17 years for Les Misérables, to be realized and finally published in 1862. His mother was an extreme Catholic Royalist. Originally pursued as a casual hobby, drawing became more important to Hugo shortly before his exile when he made the decision to stop writing to devote himself to politics. [20] The Academicians refused to believe that he was only fifteen. London, Charles Gilpin, 1849, CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (. There is a statue of Hugo across from the Museo Carlo Bilotti in Rome, Italy. Hugo returned to political and social issues in his next novel, L'Homme Qui Rit (The Man Who Laughs), which was published in 1869 and painted a critical picture of the aristocracy. He wrote many poems afterward about his daughter's life and death, and at least one biographer[who?] Hugo's religious views changed radically over the course of his life. This helped his reputation as one of the greatest elegiac and lyric poets of his time. The massacres of Balkan Christians by the Turks in 1876 inspired him to write Pour la Serbie (For Serbia) in his sons' newspaper Le Rappel. [44] He also greatly admired Beethoven, and rather unusually for his time, he also appreciated works by composers from earlier centuries such as Palestrina and Monteverdi. Où je criai : L'enfant que j'avais tout à l'heure, Claude Gueux appeared in 1834. Victor Marie Hugo (26 February 1802 – 22 May 1885) was a French poet, playwright, novelist, statesman and human rights activist.He played an important part in the Romantic movement in France.. Hugo first became famous in France because of his poetry, as well as his novels and his plays. It was only after Napoleon III fell from power and the Third Republic was proclaimed that Hugo finally returned to his homeland in 1870, where he was promptly elected to the National Assembly and the Senate. Most large French towns and cities have a street named for him. He queried the reaction to the work by sending a single-character telegram to his publisher, asking .mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}?. He had a casual interest in Spiritualism during his exile (where he participated also in seances), and in later years settled into a Rationalist Deism similar to that espoused by Voltaire. In the city of Avellino, Italy, Victor Hugo lived briefly stayed in what is now known as Il Palazzo Culturale when reuniting with his father, Leopold Sigisbert Hugo, in 1808. When Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III) seized complete power in 1851, establishing an anti-parliamentary constitution, Hugo openly declared him a traitor to France. François-René de Chateaubriand, the famous Romantic writer, influenced Hugo during the early 1800s. […] Now overthrow the scaffold. Exclamation Mark! In 1817 he wrote a poem for a competition organised by l’Academie Française, for which he received an honorable mention. Originally pursued as a casual hobby, drawing became more important to Hugo shortly before his exile, when he made the decision to stop writing in order to devote himself to politics. She saved my life in December 1851. For example, Hugo’s novel against capital punishment, The Last Day of a Condemned Man, has recently been adapted into an opera by David Alagna (libretto by Frédérico Alagna). A Freethinker". In 1819, Victor and his brothers began publishing a periodical called Le Conservateur littéraire.[11]. His most famous poem is undeniably "Demain, dès l'aube" (Tomorrow, at Dawn), in which he describes visiting her grave. 22 maja 1885 w Paryżu) – francuski pisarz, poeta, dramaturg i polityk. Outside France, his most famous works are the novels Les Misérables, 1862, and The Hunchback of Notre-Dame (French: Notre-Dame de Paris), 1831. Hugo took on the role of a maverick and got little done in the Senate. Drawing became his exclusive creative outlet between 1848 and 1851. The Belgian publishing house Lacroix and Verboeckhoven undertook a marketing campaign unusual for the time, issuing press releases about the work a full six months before the launch. 208 (2002). On 28 August 1824, the couple's second child, Léopoldine was born, followed by Charles on 4 November 1826, François-Victor on 28 October 1828, and Adèle on 28 July 1830. From there he became a non-practicing Catholic, and increasingly expressed anti-catholic views. I shout and I feel indignant and I cry. His last novel, Quatre-vingt-treize (Ninety-Three), published in 1874, was about a subject that Hugo had previously avoided: the Reign of Terror during the French Revolution. He also composed or published some of his best work during his period in Guernsey, including Les Misérables, and three widely praised collections of poetry (Les Châtiments, 1853; Les Contemplations, 1856; and La Légende des siècles, 1859). In February 1815 Victor and Eugene were taken away from their mother and placed by their father in the Pension Cordier, a private boarding school in Paris, where Victor and Eugène remained three years while also attending lectures at Lycée Louis le Grand. It is reported that Hugo often drew with his left hand or without looking at the page, or during Spiritist séances, to access his unconscious mind, a concept only later popularised by Sigmund Freud. The Belgian publishing house Lacroix and Verboeckhoven undertook a marketing campaign unusual for the time, issuing press releases about the work a full six months before the launch. He is buried in the Panthéon, in Paris. The Avenue Victor-Hugo in the XVIème arrondissement of Paris bears Hugo's name, and links the Place de l'Étoile to the vicinity of the Bois de Boulogne by way of the Place Victor-Hugo. Les Misérables, Random House Publishing Group, 2000, 1280 pages. Mismas cosas: The same. The City of Paris has preserved his residences Hauteville House, Guernsey, and 6, Place des Vosges, Paris, as museums. Hugo had four other children called Léopoldine (28 August 1824), Charles (4 November 1826), François-Victor (28 October 1828) and Adèle (24 August 1830). Where I saw her spread her wings and fly away! [12], From Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, Walsh, William S: 'Handy-Book of Literary Curiosities, On the role of E. de Jouy against V.Hugo, see. Though the poems were admired for their spontaneous fervor and fluency, the collection that followed four years later in 1826 (Odes et Ballades) revealed Hugo to be a great poet, a natural master of lyric and creative song. Hugo, who was still banished from France, was unable to attend her funeral in Villequier where their daughter Léopoldine was buried. For instance, in 2009, Italian composer Matteo Sommacal was commissioned by Festival "Bagliori d'autore" and wrote a piece for speaker and chamber ensemble entitled Actes et paroles, with a text elaborated by Chiara Piola Caselli after Victor Hugo's last political speech addressed to the Assemblée législative, "Sur la Revision de la Constitution" (18 July 1851),[51] and premiered in Rome on 19 November 2009, in the auditorium of the Institut français, Centre Saint-Louis, French Embassy to the Holy See, by Piccola Accademia degli Specchi featuring the composer Matthias Kadar.[52]. On 9 April, he wrote in his diary, "In short, this Commune is as idiotic as the National Assembly is ferocious. As the siege continued, and food became ever more scarce, he wrote in his diary that he was reduced to "eating the unknown". Hugo, Victor, Choses vues, 1870–1885, Gallimard, 1972. Sans que rien ici-bas puisse m'en consoler, A Freethinker". Arnaud Laster, L'Avant-Scène Opéra, no. Hugo himself particularly enjoyed the music of Gluck and Weber and greatly admired Beethoven, and rather unusually for his time, he also appreciated works by composers from earlier centuries such as Palestrina and Monteverdi. unconsolable by anything on earth, As the siege continued, and food became ever more scarce, he wrote in his diary that he was reduced to "eating the unknown". Therefore, Hugo's early work, mainly in poetry, show him praising monarchism and faith. Victor Hugo's first mature work of fiction was first published in February 1829 by Charles Gosselin without the author's name and reflected the acute social conscience that would infuse his later work. [30], During the Paris Commune – the revolutionary government that took power on 18 March 1871 and was toppled on 28 May – Victor Hugo was harshly critical of the atrocities committed on both sides. It is popular worldwide and has been adapted for cinema, television, and stage shows. (Adèle's biography inspired the movie The Story of Adele H.) His wife Adèle had died in 1868. Hugo first became famous in France because of his poetry, as well as his novels and his plays. En plus de ces œuvres-clés de la première moitié du XIXe siècle, le roman social (et parfois en milieu rural) trouve sa place dans la littérature avec des textes de George Sand (Consuelo – 1842, -1846 La Mare au Diable, La Petite Fadette – 1849) et, plus tard, avec la grande fresque humaniste Victor Hugo, Les Misérables (1862). She drowned in the Seine at Villequier. Victor-Marie Hugo (Besançon, 26 de fevereiro de 1802 — Paris, 22 de maio de 1885) foi um romancista, poeta, dramaturgo, ensaísta, artista, estadista e ativista pelos direitos humanos francês de grande atuação política em seu país. The Congress, of which Hugo was the President, proved to be an international success, attracting such famous philosophers as Frederic Bastiat, Charles Gilpin, Richard Cobden, and Henry Richard. that instant—too much for tears! [33], Victor Hugo, who said "A war between Europeans is a civil war",[34] was an enthusiastic advocate for the creation of the United States of Europe. At the time, Hugo was only twenty years old. Les Contemplations and La Légende des siècles are his most famous poetry collections. In Havana, Cuba, there is a park named after him. The shop is on Melville Terrace, over looking the meadows and next to University of Edinburgh halls of residence, Sciennes. [63] Then, he became involved in politics and supported Republicanism. Léopold enlisted in the army of Revolutionary France at fourteen, he was an atheist and an ardent supporter of the republic created following the abolition of the monarchy in 1792. This was only shortly after her marriage. Sometimes he would even toss in coffee or soot to get the effects he wanted. However, he was also becoming more supportive of the Republican form of government and, following the 1848 Revolution and the formation of the Second Republic, was elected to the Constitutional Assembly and the Legislative Assembly. In a letter to American abolitionist Maria Weston Chapman, on 6 July 1851, Hugo wrote: Slavery in the United States! Hugo was acutely aware of the quality of the novel, as evidenced in a letter he wrote to his publisher, Albert Lacroix, on 23 March 1862, "My conviction is that this book is going to be one of the peaks, if not the crowning point of my work. So the abolition of slavery is, at this hour, the supreme goal of the thinkers. Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th Edition (2001–05). Never has her soul forsaken mine. An apocryphal tale[16] about the shortest correspondence in history is said to have been between Hugo and his publisher Hurst and Blackett in 1862. The author was acutely aware of the quality of the novel and publication of the work went to the highest bidder. The book also inspired a renewed appreciation for pre-renaissance buildings, which began to be actively preserved. I have her no more!". Many of his works have inspired music, both during his lifetime and after his death, including the musicals Les Misérables and Notre-Dame de Paris. The surviving drawings are surprisingly accomplished and "modern" in their style and execution, foreshadowing the experimental techniques of Surrealism and Abstract Expressionism. His work touched upon most of the political and social issues and the artistic trends of his time. When the book was finally written, Tréjean became Jean Valjean.[14]. To honour the fact that he was entering his 80th year, one of the greatest tributes to a living writer was held. Victor Hugo is the namesake of the city of Hugoton, Kansas.[68]. Hugo was a maverick and achieved little in the Senate. The surviving drawings are surprisingly accomplished and "modern" in their style and execution, foreshadowing the experimental techniques of Surrealism and Abstract expressionism. The precocious passion and eloquence of Hugo's early work brought success and fame at an early age. He would not hesitate to use his children's stencils, ink blots, puddles and stains, lace impressions, "pliage" or folding (e.g. In 1848, Hugo was elected to the National Assembly of the Second Republic as a conservative. Sans que rien ici-bas puisse m'en consoler, Rorschach blots), "grattage" or rubbing, often using the charcoal from matchsticks or his fingers instead of pen or brush. Hugo, who had been a Member of the Chamber of Peers since April, avoided condemnation whereas his mistress had to spend two months in prison and six in a convent. [49], Hugo's novels, as well as his plays, have been a great source of inspiration for musicians, stirring them to create not only opera and ballet but musical theatre such as Notre-Dame de Paris and the ever-popular Les Misérables, London West End's longest running musical. In a speech delivered on 18 May 1879, during a banquet to celebrate the abolition of slavery, in the presence of the French abolitionist writer and parliamentarian Victor Schulcher, Hugo declared that the Mediterranean Sea formed a natural divide between " ultimate civilisation and […] utter barbarism," adding "God offers Africa to Europe, Take it," to civilise its indigenous inhabitants. For example, Hugo's novel against capital punishment, The Last Day of a Condemned Man, was adapted into an opera by David Alagna, with a libretto by Frédérico Alagna and premièred by their brother, tenor Roberto Alagna, in 2007. turning an envious eye towards the past, 1798) a Eugéne Hugo (nar. The Bourbon Monarchy was restored when Hugo was 17. The Hugo family came from Nancy in Lorraine where Victor Hugo's grandfather was a wood merchant. Alas! Madame Hugo and her children were sent back to Paris in 1808, where they moved to an old convent, 12 Impasse des Feuillantines, an isolated mansion in a deserted quarter of the left bank of the Seine. He was one of the earlier supporters of the concept of domaine public payant, under which a nominal fee would be charged for copying or performing works in the public domain, and this would go into a common fund dedicated to helping artists, especially young people. But Hugo’s first successful novel Notre-Dame de Paris (The Hunchback of Notre Dame), which was published in 1831. He was in Paris during the siege by the Prussian Army in 1870, famously eating animals given to him by the Paris Zoo. ", Hugo & American Anti-Slavery Society 1860, "Victor Hugo's diary tells how Parisians dined on zoo animals", "Bicentenaire de Victor Hugo (1802–2002) – Sénat, French Government", "Vincent van Gogh to Theo van Gogh. Today the novel remains his most enduringly popular work. On 30 January 1876 Hugo was elected to the newly created Senate. He became a mentor to Victor and his brothers. Hugo never lost his antipathy towards the Roman Catholic Church, due largely to what he saw as the Church's indifference to the plight of the working class under the oppression of the monarchy; and perhaps also due to the frequency with which Hugo's work appeared on the Pope's list of "proscribed books" (Hugo counted 740 attacks on Les Misérables in the Catholic press). In his last public address on 3 August 1879 he prophesied in an over-optimistic way, "In the twentieth century war will be dead, the scaffold will be dead, hatred will be dead, frontier boundaries will be dead, dogmas will be dead; man will live."[54]. He felt the Church was indifferent to the plight of the working class under the oppression of the monarchy. When he was young, Victor Hugo fell in love. Hugo died on 22 May 1885 in Paris, France from an infection, aged 83. Les Misérables proved popular enough with the masses that the issues it highlighted were soon on the agenda of the French National Assembly. Pieuvre avec les initiales V.H., ("Octopus with the initials V.H. [9], On 10 July 1816, Hugo wrote in his diary: “I shall be Chateaubriand or nothing”. Où je l'ai vue ouvrir son aile et s'envoler ! In June 1821 Sophie Trebuchet died, and Léopold married his long time mistress Catherine Thomas a month later. I don't have her any more!". V.H. He left his children a note reading as follows : "J.D. One of his most famous poem is probably Demain, dès l'aube. En 1835, ce sera Les Chants du Crépuscule, puis Les Voix intérieures en 1837 et, en 1840, Les Rayons et les Ombres. From 1859, his exile was by choice. He lived there again in 1872-1873. His first collection of poetry (Odes et poésies diverses) was published in 1822 when he was only 20 years old and earned him a royal pension from Louis XVIII. Other speeches called for universal suffrage and free education for all children. Both were caught in adultery on 5 July 1845. The First Republic rose and fell and the First French Empire rose under the rule of Napoléon Bonaparte. [19] Thereafter, he became increasingly involved in French politics. Hugo himself considered it to be a precursor to his great work on social injustice, Les Misérables. É autor de Les Misérables e de Notre-Dame de Paris, entre diversas outras obras clássicas de fama e renome mundial. Hugo produced more than 4,000 drawings. Her young husband died trying to save her. Hugo decided to live in exile after Napoleon III's coup d'état at the end of 1851. In 1812 Victor Fanneau de La Horie was arrested and executed. Hugo, Victor, Choses vues, 1870–1885, Gallimard, 1972, p. 353. [7], General Joseph-Leopold Hugo, father of Victor Hugo, Soon Hugo's father was called to Spain to fight the Peninsular War. Political speeches by Victor Hugo: Victor Hugo, My Revenge is Fraternity! Hugo's eldest and favourite daughter, Léopoldine, died in 1843 at the age of 19, shortly after her marriage to Charles Vacquerie. Although he had requested a pauper's funeral he was awarded a state funeral by decree of President Jules Grévy. I look continually at that moment of my life The Avenue Victor-Hugo| in the 16th arrondissement of Paris bears Hugo's name and links the Place de l'Étoile to the vicinity of the Bois de Boulogne by way of the Place Victor-Hugo. Hugo's Rationalism can be found in poems such as Torquemada (1869, about religious fanaticism), The Pope (1878, anti-clerical), Religions and Religion (1880, denying the usefulness of churches) and, published posthumously, The End of Satan and God (1886 and 1891 respectively, in which he represents Christianity as a griffin and Rationalism as an angel). If he added t.n. Today, the novel remains his most well-known work. On the nomination of King Louis-Philippe, Hugo entered the Upper Chamber of Parliament as a pair de France in 1845, where he spoke against the death penalty and social injustice, and in favour of freedom of the press and self-government for Poland. Hugo began planning a major novel about social misery and injustice as early as the 1830s, but a full 17 years were needed for Les Misérables to be realised and finally published in 1862. Hugo left five sentences as his last will, to be officially published: Je donne cinquante mille francs aux pauvres. The celebrations began on 25 June 1881, when Hugo was presented with a Sèvres vase, the traditional gift for sovereigns. On one of the pages of his notes about the prison, he wrote in large block letters a possible name for his hero: " JEAN TRÉJEAN". Death to the scoundrel!". The critical establishment was generally hostile to the novel; Taine found it insincere, Barbey d'Aurevilly complained of its vulgarity, Gustave Flaubert found within it "neither truth nor greatness", the Goncourt brothers lambasted its artificiality, and Baudelaire – despite giving favourable reviews in newspapers – castigated it in private as "repulsive and inept". [48]", Well over one thousand musical compositions have been inspired by Hugo's works from the 19th century until the present day.